1. Integrated Pest Management (IPM):

   • Biological Control: Introducing natural predators, parasites, or pathogens that target specific pests helps control their population without chemicals, preserving the environment and reducing costs in the long term.
   • Cultural Practices: Adjusting farming techniques, such as crop rotation, proper irrigation, and the removal of pest habitats, reduces pest outbreaks and minimizes the need for chemical treatments​
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2. Monitoring and Early Detection:

   • Regular inspections and pest monitoring help identify potential infestations early, allowing for intervention before pest populations reach levels that could cause significant economic damage. Tools like traps and pheromone lures are commonly used for effective pest surveillance​
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3. Targeted Chemical Use:

   • When pest populations exceed tolerable levels, applying pesticides in a controlled, targeted manner ensures that chemicals are used only when necessary. This minimizes harm to beneficial species and avoids unnecessary expenses​
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4. Threshold Determination:

   • Setting and adjusting pest control thresholds specific to each crop or environment allows for timely interventions. This approach ensures pest populations are controlled before they surpass economic injury levels​
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By combining these methods, pest management efforts can significantly reduce pest levels, ensuring that damage stays below the economic injury threshold. This balanced approach protects both the environment and the financial interests of businesses, farmers, and homeowners.